Victims of Crime

http://ojp.gov/programs/victims.htm

During 2013, the overall violent crime rate declined from 26.1 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2012 to 23.2 per 1,000 in 2013. The overall property crime rate decreased from 155.8 victimizations per 1,000 households in 2012 to 131.4 victimizations per 1,000 in 2013. (Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Criminal Victimization, 2013, September 2014).

OJP’s Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) is committed to enhancing the Nation’s capacity to assist crime victims and to providing leadership in changing attitudes, policies, and practices to promote justice and healing for all victims of crime. OVC’s Vision 21 Initiative offers a comprehensive assessment of the crime victim assistance field and the Initiative’s Final Report discusses:

Major challenges to the integration of research into victim services.
The tremendous need for crime victims to have access to legal assistance to address the wide range of legal issues that can arise following victimization.
The impact of advances in technology, globalization, and changing demographics on the victim assistance field.
The capacity for serving victims in the 21st century and some of the infrastructure issues that must be overcome to reach that capacity.

What is premeditated and deliberate conduct?

Most states require premeditation, and many also require deliberation, for a conviction of first degree murder. The concepts are intricately related, and the difference between them can be largely semantic. (Other crimes involving a victim’s death don’t require premeditation and deliberation—for examples, see Homicide: Murder and Manslaughter.) Crimes other than those involving homicide may also require premeditation and deliberation.

Premeditation

Someone premeditates a crime by considering it before committing it. Premeditation requires that the defendant think out the act, no matter how quickly—it can be as simple deciding to pick up a hammer that is lying nearby and to use it as a weapon.

Deliberation

A defendant deliberates by considering the act and its consequences (but not necessarily the punishment), and deciding to follow through with it. A deliberate act isn’t provoked or carried out in the heat of passion. But that a defendant was excited or angry doesn’t mean that she didn’t deliberate.

Time Required

Time alone doesn’t determine whether a defendant premeditated and deliberated. All premeditation and deliberation require is the time it takes to form the intent, ponder the crime, and then act. Defendants can premeditate and deliberate in a matter of minutes, as long as the thought process occurs before the act.

There is no specific formula for determining whether a defendant premeditated and deliberated before acting. Courts and juries will consider the circumstances of each case.

EXAMPLE: A defendant convicted of first degree murder for strangling a victim with a lamp cord premeditated the murder. The evidence showed that the defendant repositioned the cord around the victim’s neck numerous times, each time giving him the opportunity to reflect on his actions. The defendant had also had time to consider his actions during a struggle with the victim prior to the strangulation, further proving premeditation. (Berube v. State, 5 So.3d 734 (Fla. 2nd DCA 2009).)

Victim of a crime

Someone who has been harmed, injured, or killed as the result of a crime

A murder victim

Victim of: victims of domestic violence/sexual assault

Someone who has been affected by a bad situation such as an accident or an illness

flood/earthquake victims

Victim of: 500 penguins were among the victims of an oil spill.

An operation for victims of head injuries

fall victim to something (=become a victim):

She fell victim to a rare disease.

Injured and wounded people: victim, casualty, the injured...

Someone who has suffered as a result of the actions or negative attitudes of someone else or of people in general

Victim of: victims of racism/discrimination

She believes she is the victim of a media conspiracy to discredit her.

The reporters felt they were innocent victims of a political decision.

People and things that are treated badly: victim, target, pawn...

Being called a prostitute when you are a female Pastor of a online church that has members all over the world is demonic behavior, God will deal with such a person and them assisting with this demonic person in his/her crime against God's doing "ME". God's is not like us with many flaws He knows exactly what He is doing and why?

Prostitute - definition and synonyms:

Someone who is paid to have sex with people. This word usually refers to a woman.

Sex for money: bordello, brothel, call girl...

Being called a muslim when you are a female Christian Pastor of a online church that has members all over the world is demonic behavior, God will deal with such a person and them assisting with this demonic person in his/her crime against God's doing "ME". God's is not like us with many flaws He knows exactly what He is doing and why?

A Muslim, sometimes spelled Moslem, relates to a person who follows the religion of Islam, a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based on the Quran. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts called hadith. "Muslim" is an Arabic word meaning "one who submits (to God)". A female Muslim is sometimes called a Muslimah. There are customs holding that a man and woman or teenager and adolescent above the age of fifteen of a lunar or solar calendar who possesses the faculties of rationality, logic or sanity, but misses numerous successive Jumu'ahs without a valid excuse, no longer qualifies as a Muslim. Most Muslims will accept anyone who has publicly pronounced the declaration of faith (shahadah) as a Muslim. The shahadah states: There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God.

Islamic beliefs commonly held by Muslims include: that God (Arabic: الله‎ Allāh) is eternal, transcendent and absolutely one (monotheism); that God is incomparable, self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten; that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that has been revealed before through many prophets including Abraham, Moses, Ishmael and Jesus; that these previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time and that the Qur'an is the final unaltered revelation from God (The Final Testament).

The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the Five Pillars of Islam, which, in addition to Shahadah, consist of daily prayers (salat), fasting during the Islamic month of Ramzan/ Ramadan (sawm), almsgiving (zakat), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime.

Lexicology

The word muslim (Arabic: مسلم‎, IPA: [ˈmʊslɪm]; English /ˈmʌzlɨm/, /ˈmʊzlɨm/, /ˈmʊslɨm/ or moslem /ˈmɒzləm/, /ˈmɒsləm/[13]) is the participle of the same verb of which islāmis the infinitive, based on the triliteral S-L-M "to be whole, intact".[14][15] It is a liturgical phonology that is formed from two components; the pronoun prefix "mu" and the triconsonantal root "slim".[16] A female adherent is a muslima (Arabic: مسلمة‎). The plural form in Arabic is muslimūn (مسلمون), and its feminine equivalent is muslimāt(مسلمات). The Arabic form muslimun is the stem IV participle[17] of the triliteral S-L-M. A female Muslim can variously be called in their etymologically Arabic form of Muslimah, also spelled Muslima, Muslimette,Muslimess or simple the standard term of Muslim.[18][19] General alternative epithets or designations given to Muslims include mosquegoer, masjidgoer, or archaic, dated and obsolete terms such as Muslimite orMuslimist. The ordinary word in English is "Muslim". It is sometimes transliterated as "Moslem", which is an older spelling.[23] The word Mosalman (Persian: مسلمان‎, alternatively Mussalman) is a common equivalent for Muslimused in Central Asia. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term Mohammedans or Mahometans.[24] Although such terms were not necessarily intended to be pejorative, Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God.[25]

Meaning

In defining Muslim, the Sufi spiritual leader Ibn Arabi said: A Muslim is a person who has dedicated his worship exclusively to God...Islam means making one's religion and faith God's alone.

Used to describe earlier prophets in the Qur'an

The Qur'an describes many prophets and messengers as well as their respective followers as Muslim: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Moses and Jesus and his apostles are all considered to be Muslims in the Qur'an. The Qur'an states that these men were Muslims because they submitted to God, preached His message and upheld His values, which included praying, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Thus, in Surah 3:52 of the Qur'an, Jesus' disciples tell Jesus, "We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims (wa-shahad be anna muslimūn)." In Muslim belief, before the Qur'an, God had given the Torah to Moses, the Psalms to David and the Gospel to Jesus, who are all considered important Muslim prophets.

Main article: Islam § Demographics

See also: List of countries by Muslim population

About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim country, 25% in South Asia,[27] 20% in the Middle East and North Africa, 2% in Central Asia, 4% in the remaining South East Asian countries, and 15% in Sub-saharan Africa. Sizable communities are also found in China and Russia, and parts of the Caribbean. The country with the highest proportion of self-described Muslims as a proportion of its total population is Morocco.Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world.

The majority of Muslims are Sunni, being over 75–90% of all Muslims. The second and third largest sects, Shia and Ahmadiyya, make up 10–20%,[32] and 1%respectively. The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims followed by Pakistan (11.0%), Bangladesh (9.2%), and Egypt (4.9%). Sizable minorities are also found in India, China, Russia, Ethiopia, Americas, Australia and parts of Europe. With about 1.6 billion followers, almost a quarter ofearth's population, Islam is the second-largest and one of the fastest-growing religions in the world.

Verbal Abuse

http://www.verbalabuse.com/

ABOUT VERBAL ABUSE
Verbal abuse creates emotional pain and mental anguish. It is a lie told to you or about you. Generally, verbal abuse defines people, telling them what they are, what they think, their motives, and so forth. The best way to deal with a verbally abusive relationship, whether you are the target of verbal abuse or the perpetrator, is to find out everything you can about verbally abusive relationships and their dynamics. Usually one person is blaming, accusing, even name calling, and the other is defending and explaining.

There is a lot of information on this site. Please don’t miss the links both at the left side-bar and near the bottom of this page. As you find out about verbal abuse, you can find out what is ‘wrong’ with people who are verbally abusive, and what you might do about it. A phone consultation pulls it all together in just 1 hour. Please call 925 934 5972 for details.

Most people targeted by verbal abuse try to explain to the abuser why what they’ve just heard is not true or not okay. They explain themselves because they believe the perpetrator is rational and can hear them and the relationship will then get better. Then they usually hear more verbal abuse, for instance, “You’re too sensitive.” At that point they don’t usually realize that they have just been defined, and, therefore, verbally abused again.

Since the target of verbal abuse is often blamed, ignored, or yelled at, s/he may have difficulty recognizing just what is going on in the relationship.

What Verbal Abuse Is
This site is dedicated to the recognition and prevention of verbal abuse in homes, schools and workplaces. Verbal abuse includes withholding, bullying, defaming, defining, trivializing, harassing, diverting, interrogating, accusing, blaming, blocking, countering, lying, berating, taunting, put downs, abuse disguised as a joke, discounting, threatening, name-calling, yelling and raging.

Become Aware
The Verbal Abuse web site ushers in a new millennium of increased awareness. It reflects our growing knowledge of verbal abuse--one of the worst forms of abuse anyone can experience in any ongoing relationship or association. It serves as a link to resources and information about verbal abuse. The site will grow and change as we gather information. Indeed, it was only as recently as 1992 that verbally abusive relationships were named and described.

Contribute
We invite you to contribute to our collective knowledge and resources. If you have a resource that you think should be included on the Verbal Abuse site, please let us know.

Explore
Explore the site by clicking on items of interest in the navigation bar on the left. Some will give you drop-down menus with new choices.

Signs of Emotional Abuse

http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/02/20/signs-of-emotional-abuse/

Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it’s happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband and wife, among relatives and between friends. The abuser projects their words, attitudes or actions onto an unsuspecting victim usually because they themselves have not dealt with childhood wounds that are now causing them to harm others.

In the following areas, ask these questions to see if you are abusing or being abused:

Humiliation, degradation, discounting, negating. judging, criticizing:
- Does anyone make fun of you or put you down in front of others?
- Do they tease you, use sarcasm as a way to put you down or degrade you?
- When you complain do they say that “it was just a joke” and that you are too sensitive?
- Do they tell you that your opinion or feelings are “wrong?”
- Does anyone regularly ridicule, dismiss, disregard your opinions, thoughts, suggestions, and feelings?

Domination, control, and shame:
- Do you feel that the person treats you like a child?
- Do they constantly correct or chastise you because your behavior is “inappropriate?”
- Do you feel you must “get permission” before going somewhere or before making even small decisions?
- Do they control your spending?
- Do they treat you as though you are inferior to them?
- Do they make you feel as though they are always right?
- Do they remind you of your shortcomings?
- Do they belittle your accomplishments, your aspirations, your plans or even who you are?
- Do they give disapproving, dismissive, contemptuous, or condescending looks, comments, and behavior?
Accusing and blaming, trivial and unreasonable demands or expectations, denies own shortcomings:
- Do they accuse you of something contrived in their own minds when you know it isn’t true?
- Are they unable to laugh at themselves?
- Are they extremely sensitive when it comes to others making fun of them or making any kind of comment that seems to show a lack of respect?
- Do they have trouble apologizing?
- Do they make excuses for their behavior or tend to blame others or circumstances for their mistakes?
- Do they call you names or label you?
- Do they blame you for their problems or unhappiness?
- Do they continually have “boundary violations” and disrespect your valid requests?
Emotional distancing and the “silent treatment,” isolation, emotional abandonment or neglect:
- Do they use pouting, withdrawal or withholding attention or affection?
- Do they not want to meet the basic needs or use neglect or abandonment as punishment?
- Do they play the victim to deflect blame onto you instead of taking responsibility for their actions and attitudes?
- Do they not notice or care how you feel?
- Do they not show empathy or ask questions to gather information?
Codependence and enmeshment:
- Does anyone treat you not as a separate person but instead as an extension of themselves?
- Do they not protect your personal boundaries and share information that you have not approved?
- Do they disrespect your requests and do what they think is best for you?
- Do they require continual contact and haven’t developed a healthy support network among their own peers?
I was sitting alone in the middle of a restaurant when I realized I had a huge stain the shape of Idaho across the front of my blouse.
I felt self-conscious. Like everyone was looking at me and my expansive stain. The negative feelings intensified even as I finished up my errands by picking up the dry cleaning (yeah, pretty sure they wanted to pull the shirt off me right there and give it a good wash).
But the truth is, probably nobody noticed the stain. In fact, it’s unlikely they even noticed me at all.

Human beings are like that. So often we feel self-conscious and insecure — as though everyone is looking at us — yet everybody else is too busy with their own business to consider us much at all. Researcher Thomas Gilovich and his colleagues call it the “spotlight effect.”
“Because we are so focused on our own behavior, it can be difficult to arrive at an accurate assessment of how much — or how little — our behavior is noticed by others. Indeed, close inspection reveals frequent disparities between the way we view our performance (and think others will view it) and the way it is actually seen by others,” reads the study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, published in 2000.

In fact, even our best moments may go completely unnoticed and unappreciated. Yet even with this knowledge in mind, I was embarrassed about the stain. The self-consciousness caused me to act a little more withdrawn in the restaurant and to joke about it at the dry cleaners.
The belief that everyone is looking at us can cause us to act differently and even keep us from doing things that would otherwise be fun and healthy. For example, many people don’t go to movies or meals alone because they feel self-conscious, as though everyone else will think they don’t have any friends. Of course, most of us never even notice.
The spotlight effect may keep others from joining a party where they know few people, or participating in a group fundraiser for a charitable cause.
One way to manage this kind of self-consciousness is to stop taking things personally. We can create little reminders and habits during our days that prevent us from getting caught up in this kind of single-minded self-focus. Here are some ways to do it.
Remember, you’ve got it going on. No matter what happens, dig deep to rediscover your self-confidence. You are a human being, which makes you fallible, just like everyone else. But you also have incredible skills and talents and abilities. Focus on those when you think others are watching.
Shift focus — help someone else. When you are caught up in your own self-consciousness, it means we become worried about how others perceive us. Switch that up by finding a way to help others. Giving back will leave you feeling better about yourself and get you out of this self-absorbed mode that makes you think everyone is watching you.
Be compassionate to yourself and others. We all get our feelings hurt and we all make mistakes. Remember that when the actions of others inadvertently affect you. Choose compassion over anger and forgiveness over revenge. Then, you’ll be free to move beyond your insecurity into something that feels better.
Be still, get curious, examine the thought. When I’m feeling particularly vulnerable and find myself smack dab in the middle of personalizing everything, I try to pause and become mindful of my thoughts. This approach can help us to identify and scrutinize the beliefs that leave us feeling insecure and replace them with something more productive.

Cyberbullying is the use of cell phones, instant messaging, e-mail, chat rooms or social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter to harass, threaten or intimidate someone. Cyberbullying is often done by children, who have increasingly early access to these technologies.